Marboot Lughat
195 alfaaz, aik mantiqi saakht mein bayaan-karda. Bila ibhaam. Bila tazaad.
A
Aagahi (Awareness)
Zehn ke zariye kisi cheez ki pehchaan ya us ka khoj lagaana — andarooni (sochna, mehsoos karna) ya bairooni (ashya, waaqiaat). Aagahi kisi aisi cheez ki taraf mutawajjeh hona hai jise zehn numaaindagi de sake.
Aamil (Agent)
Woh hasti jo iraade qaaim kar sake, faisle kar sake aur afaal ka aaghaaz kar sake. Yahi woh bunyaad hai jis par huqooq, zimma-daari aur razaamandi kharhe hote hain; koi shai jo iraada, faisla aur fail na rakhti ho, in mein se kisi ki haamil nahi ho sakti.
Aamliyat (Agency)
Amal ka aaghaaz karne ki salaahiyat.
Adl (Justice)
Zarar se paida hone waale akhlaaqi qarz ko chukaane ka mazloom ka khud-mukhtaar amal. Yeh qarz do tarah band ho sakta hai: wusooli se — zarar ko mutanaasib taur par mujrim ki taraf lauta kar (Qisaas) — ya razaakaaraana maafi se (Afw). Dono jurm ko mita dete hain. Taawaan maaddi nuqsaan ki alag se…
Afw (Forgiveness)
Adl ki ek soorat jis mein mazloom razaakaaraana rihaai ke zariye akhlaaqi qarz khatam kar deta hai. Afw kisi bhi baaqi maanda taawaan se dastbardaari tak phail sakta hai. Yeh sirf usi waqt motabar hai jab asal mazloom ise azaadaana taur par de, kisi jabr, dabaao ya doosron ki jaanib se…
Akhlaaq (Morality)
Mantiq ki bunyaad par durust kaam karna aur doosron ko un ki marzi ke khilaaf zarar na pahunchaana. Koi nizaam akhlaaqi nahi agar use razaamandi ke baghair taaqat darkaar ho — jaise zaroorat ke naam par ya voton ke zariye mehnat chheenna. Sachi akhlaaq baahamiyat ka ehtiraam karti hai: doosron ke…
Amal (Action)
Maahaul mein ek aisi tabdeeli jo kisi aamil ke sabab ho.
Amal-kaari (Process)
Aamaal ya taghayyuraat ka ek silsila jo waqt ke saath khulta hai. Ek amal-kaari yeh samjhaati hai ke koi cheez kaise waaqe hoti hai, na ke sirf yeh ke kya maujood hai.
Aqeeda (Belief)
Ek khayaal jise koi aamil sach maanta hai, khwaah woh haqeeqat se mel khaaye ya na khaaye. Aqeeda us waqt khatarnaak ban jaata hai jab ise qaabil-e-aazmaaish ke bajaaye naaqaabil-e-sawaal samjha jaaye.
Asar (Effect)
Kisi pehle sabab se paida hone waali tabdeeli. Asraat aamaal se paida ho sakte hain (woh tabdeeliyaan jo aamil paida karte hain) ya fitri amalon se (woh tabdeeliyaan jin ka koi aamil nahi). Jab koi asar kisi doosre aamil ki hudood ko us ki razaamandi ke khilaaf uboor karta hai, to woh zarar ban…
Azaad Iraada (Free Will)
Qaabil-e-guzar qaid mein muwaafqat-pazeer shirkat. Azaad Iraada illiyat se istisna nahi balke ek aamil ki woh salaahiyat hai ke woh, laamehdood taghayyur ke andar ek khud ko taqwiyat dene waale saanche ke taur par, apne gird-o-paish ka namoona banaaye, intikhaab ko parkhe, aur apni tabdeeli ka rukh…
Azaad Raabta (Free Communication)
Aamilon ke darmiyaan maaloomaat, khayaalaat ya afkaar ka razaakaaraana tabaadla. Raabte ke liye razaamandi, sachaai aur taaqat se azaadi darkaar hai; un ke baghair yeh heera-pheri ya jabr ban jaata hai.
Azaad Tijaarat (Free Trade)
Ashya, khidmaat ya khayaalaat ka razaakaaraana tabaadla, baghair zarar, jhoot ya bairooni mudaakhalat ke. Yeh ek bunyaadi haq hai; is par koi bhi rukaawat (jaise siyaasatdaanon ki jaanib se) azaadi ko zaail karti hai aur mantiq aur Sunehri Usool ke mutaabiq ise durust kiya jaana chaahiye.
Azaad Tijaarat ka Haq (Right to Free Trade)
Saamaan, khidmaat, ya khayaalaat ka baahami razaamandi se tabaadla karne ki azaadi, baghair kisi mudaakhalat ke, jab tak ke tabaadla zarar ka sabab na bane.
Azaadi (Freedom)
Iraadon ki tashkeel, faisle karne ya aamaal anjaam dene mein jabr ki adam-maujoodgi. Azaadi amal karne, tijaarat karne aur milkiyat rakhne ka haq hai, baghair mudaakhalat ke, jab tak doosron ko un ki marzi ke khilaaf koi zarar na pahunche. Yeh laamehdood taghayyur aur mantiq se ubharti hai, aur…
Azaadi-e-Izhaar (Freedom of Speech)
Khayaalaat ko baghair mudaakhalat ke zaahir karne ki azaadi. Izhaar sirf usi waqt zarar banta hai jab woh dhoka, dhamki ya fraud ki soorat ikhtiyaar kar le — kabhi nahi jab woh mehez be-chaini, naagawaari ya ikhtilaaf paida kare.
Azaadi-e-Mehfooz (Liberty)
Azaadi ki fitri haalat jis mein afraad doosron ke zarar ya taaqat ke baghair amal karte, milkiyat rakhte aur tijaarat karte hain. Azaadi-e-Mehfooz Laamehdood Taghayyur aur Mantiq se ubharti hai, Sunehri Usool ke zariye mehfooz hai — is mein koi bhi kami (jaise Jaiz Ikhtiyaar ya Ishtiraakiyat ke…
B
Baahamiyat (Reciprocity)
Munsifaana len den: doosron ke saath woh na karo jo woh nahi chaahte ke un ke saath kiya jaaye. Sushlizm is mein naakaam rehta hai kyunke woh logon ko un ki banaai hui cheez baghair razaamandi ke chhor dene par majboor karta hai.
Baazaar (Market)
Razaakaaraana tijaarat ke liye ek jagah (tabee'i ya tajreedi) jahaan qeematein rasad, talab aur qillat se ubharti hain. Baazaar Laamehdood Taghayyur ko fitri taur par adjust kar ke sambhaalte hain, baghair kisi Jaiz Ikhtiyaar ya taaqat ki zaroorat ke. Baazaar mein mudaakhalat (jaise qeematon par…
Baazaari Baalaadasti (Market Dominance)
Ek aisa muqaam jo us waqt haasil hota hai jab kisi faraaham-kunanda ko aazaadaana taur par chuna jaata hai kyunke woh behtar qadar paish karta hai. Yeh sirf us waqt tak jaiz rehta hai jab tak intikhaab azaad hai aur muqaabla karne waalon ko roka nahi jaata. Jab hareefon ko dabaane ke liye taaqat ya…
Baazdaari (Deterrence)
Pehle se ho chuke zarar ka jawaab dene ke bajaaye saza ki dhamki de kar zarar rokne ki koshish. Baazdaari mumkina khataakaaron mein khauf ko nishaana banaati hai, na ke haqeeqi mazloomon ke liye adl ko, aur jab yeh baghair kisi mazloom ke saza deti hai to zulm ban jaati hai.
Bahami Taalluq (Correlation)
Ek saancha jis mein do ya zyada cheezein sirf ittefaq se hone wali miqdaar se zyada baar sath sath badalti hain. Bahami Taalluq is baat ka saboot hai ke koi rabt maujood ho sakta hai; woh khud rabt nahin. Sirf Illiyat kisi asar ko us aamil se bandhti hai jis ke amal ne use paida kiya, aur sirf…
Baraamad (Output)
Maahaul mein bheji jaane waali maaloomaat ya amal.
Be-gunaahi (Innocence)
Gunaah ki ghair maujoodgi. Ek aamil be-gunaah hai agar us ne kisi doosre ke iraade ke khilaaf zarar na pahunchaaya ho, khwaah shuba, ilzaam ya ehsaas kuch bhi ho.
Be-mazloom (Victimless)
Kisi aise amal ko bayaan karna jo kisi aise ko Zarar nahi pahunchaata jo nahi chaahta ke us ke saath aisa kiya jaaye. Agar koi apni marzi ke khilaaf nuqsaan nahi uthaata, to koi Mazloom nahi aur is tarah koi Jurm nahi.
Be-mazloom Tijaarat (Victimless Trade)
Logon ke darmiyaan ek aisa Tabaadla jahaan kisi fareeq ko na Zarar pahunchta hai na Dhoka diya jaata hai, aur dono aazaadaana razaamand hote hain. Be-mazloom Tijaarat maaashi taawun ki khaalis-tareen soorat hai.
Bhalaai (Good)
Koi amal bhalaai hai agar woh razaamandi ka ehtiraam kare, ghair razaamand mazloom paida na kare, aur zarar ko kam kare ya us ki talaafi kare. Bhalaai ke aamaal razaakaaraana taawun, bharose, aur aamilon ki haqeeqat ke andar aazaadaana amal karne ki salaahiyat ko mehfooz rakhte ya barhaate hain.…
Bharosa (Trust)
Yeh yaqeen ke doosre jhoot nahi bolenge, chori nahi karenge, aur taaqat ka istemaal nahi karenge. Bharosa taawun aur tijaarat ki bunyaad hai.
Bishaarat (Good News)
Yeh qaabil-e-husool waada ke tehzeeb, musalsal razaakaaraana taawun ke tahat, un sab ko laamehdood tauseea-e-hayaat de sakti hai jo ise tameer karne mein shareek hon. Bishaarat tabee'i qawaaneen ki hudood mein mehdood takneeki baqaa-e-dawaam hai, na ke imaan ki baat — yeh tijaarat, ikhtiraa aur…
C
Chori (Theft)
Jo kisi aur ka hai use us ki razaamandi ke baghair le lena, khwaah taaqat ke zor se ho, mehsoolaat ke zariye, ya daawa karda jaiz ikhtiyaar ki zabtiyon se. Zaroorat, voton ya rivaayat jaisa koi akhlaaqi uzr ise jaiz nahi banaata; mantiq ise zarar kehta hai.
D
Daakhila (Input)
Maahaul se mausool hone waali maaloomaat.
Daanishwaraana Milkiyat (Intellectual Property)
Kisi khayaal ko "jaaidaad" keh dene se woh jaaidaad nahi ban jaata. Jaaidaad ke liye qillat darkaar hai — khayaalaat ko moojid ke nuqsaan ke baghair baanta ja sakta hai. Doosron ko apne hi wasaail se kisi saanche ko dobaara paida karne se rokna jabr hai, tahaffuz nahi. Patent, copyright aur in…
Daawa (Claim)
Ek bayaan ke koi cheez sach hai ya kisi ki milkiyat hai. Daawa us waqt tak sachaai nahi banta jab tak woh haqeeqat aur mantiq se mutaabqat na rakhe.
Darja-bandi (Hierarchy)
Ek aisa dhaancha jahaan baaz doosron par iqtidaar ka daawa karte hain, aksar razaamandi ke baghair. Darja-bandiyaan sirf razaakaaraana ittefaaq ke zariye jaiz banti hain; jabri darja-bandiyaan jabr aur ghalti ko janam deti hain, kyunke iqtidaar targheebaat ko nazar-andaaz karta hai aur jihaalat ko…
Dhamki (Threat)
Zarar ka ek waada jo taabedaari par majboor karne ke liye istemaal hota hai. Dhamki pehle hi tashaddud ki ek soorat hai.
Dhoka (Deception)
Aisa raabta jo jhoota aqeeda paida karne ya mutalliqa sachaai chhupaane ke liye banaaya gaya ho taake wusool kunanda durust taur par razaamandi na de sake. Kisi aamil ko aisi sharaait par amal karne par aamaada kar ke jin par us ne haqeeqatan razaamandi nahi di thi, dhoka razaamandi ko baatil kar…
F
Faida (Benefit)
Koi aisi cheez jise koi aamil qadar deta hai aur ba razaa o raghbat qubool karta hai. Agar koi 'faida' kisi par musallat kiya jaaye, to woh faida nahi balke zarar hai.
Faisla (Decision)
Kisi niyat ke mutaabiq amal karne ka ahd.
Faisla (Judgment)
Sabit shuda haqaiq par Qanoon ke itlaq ke bare mein Munsif ka qabil-e-tardeed bayan. Faisla batata hai ke kya hua, nuqsan kis ne pahunchaya, mutasira kaun hai, kaunsi talafi aur tanasub lazim aata hai, qusoor maujood hai ya nahin aur kya haisiyat natijatan banti hai. Yeh un nataij ko daryaft aur…
Fard (Individual)
Ek waahid sochne waala aamil jo intikhaab, razaamandi aur zimma-daari ka ahl ho.
Fareeza (Obligation)
Woh jis ka aamil ko jawaab dena hai: woh jaaidaad jo pehle hi doosre ko muntaqil ho chuki magar abhi pahunchaai nahi gayi, ya us zarar ka taawaan jo us ne pahunchaaya. Koi aur maakhaz maujood nahi. Mehez waada koi fareeza paida nahi karta, kyunke waada bazaat-e-khud kisi ko paaband nahi karta;…
Fehm (Understanding)
Yeh samajhna ke khayaalaat, haqaaiq ya amal-kaari ek doosre se kaise jurhte aur ek doosre ko kaise mutaassir karte hain. Fehm yeh bataata hai ke koi cheez kyun kaam karti hai, sirf yeh nahi ke woh kaam karti hai.
Fikr (Thought)
Kisi shai ke baare mein dhyaan dene, mawaazna karne ya istidlaal karne ka ek zehni amal. Afkaar andarooni hote hain aur sach ya jhoot ho sakte hain, is par munhasir ke aaya woh haqeeqat aur mantiq se mel khaate hain ya nahi.
Fraud (Fraud)
Woh dhoka jo aisi qadar, qaaboo ya ittefaaq haasil karne ke liye istemaal ho jise dhoka khaaya hua aamil mukammal maaloomaat ke saath hargiz na deta.
Fun (Art)
Ek takhleeq karda saancha jis ka maqsad doosron ke saamne kisi cheez ka izhaar, us ki khoj, ya us ka iblaagh ho. Ise husn, manzoori, ya ittefaaq darkaar nahi; us ki imtiyaazi khusoosiyat saazinda ki yeh niyat hai ke woh kisi idraak, ehsaas, khayaal, ya tajurbe ko baante. Fun ka mafhoom tanha shai…
G
Ghaflat (Negligence)
Zarar pahunchaane se bachne ke liye maaqool iqdaamaat karne mein naakaami.
Ghair-markooz Ilm (Decentralized Knowledge)
Yeh khayaal ke koi ek fard ya giroh har us baat ko nahi jaan sakta jis ki doosron ko zaroorat hai, jo woh chaahte hain, ya jo woh kar sakte hain. Log apni zindagiyaan sab se behtar jaante hain, is liye markazi mansoobe (jaise ishtiraakiyat mein) naakaam hote hain kyunke woh is bikhri hui hikmat ko…
Ghalti (Error)
Kisi daawe, aqeede, namoone ya paishgoi aur haqeeqat ke darmiyaan adam-mutaabqat. Ghalti sharr nahi; use durust karne se inkaar sharr hai.
Gunaah (Guilt)
Woh akhlaaqi qarz jo kisi doosre ko us ki marzi ke khilaaf barqaraar hadd paar kar ke zarar pahunchaane se paida hota hai; tahaffuz ke zawaal ke andar hone waala zarar gunaah paida nahi karta. Gunaah illiyat se bataur-e maaroozi haqeeqat wujood mein aata hai, na ke ehsaasaat, ilzaam ya aiteraaf se,…
H
Haalaat (Circumstances)
Kisi amal ke gird woh haqaaiq jo yeh tay karte hain ke us ka matlab kya tha. Sharaait woh hain jo fareeqain ne bayaan keen; haalaat woh hain jo dono pehle hi jaante the. Haalaat kisi saude mein na kuch jorte hain na us mein se kuch ghataate hain — woh sirf un alfaaz aur us Tarz-e-Amal ke maani…
Hadd (Boundary)
Woh sarhad jis se aage doosre razaamandi ke baghair amal nahi kar sakte. Haddein badan, milkiyat aur muaahidon par laagu hoti hain. Jahaan koi hadd uboor karna mumkin ho, wahin huqooq maani rakhte hain; aur razaamandi ke baghair kisi ki hadd uboor karna bataur-e peshfarz khilaaf-warzi aur zarar…
Halqa-e-Paasbaani (Perimeter)
Aamilon aur salaahiyat ka woh baahar ki taraf phailta hua jaal jis ke zariye Tehzeeb khud ko har us zehn se bachaati hai jo shikaar-khori ke zariye Yagaana Baalaadast banne ki koshish kare. Halqa-e-Paasbaani na Hukoomat karta hai na paish-bandi karta hai: Saza ko haqeeqi Mazloom darkaar hain, so…
Haqeeqat (Reality)
Har woh cheez jo aqeede ya raaye se aazaadaana taur par maujood hai.
Hikmat (Wisdom)
Ilm aur Fehm ko bar-roo-e-kaar la kar aise aamaal ka Intikhaab karna jo Zarar ko kam karein aur Razaamandi ka ehtiraam karein. Hikmat woh amali Faisla hai jis ki rehnumaai Mantiq, tajurbe aur aajzi se hoti hai.
Hissi Kaifiyaat (Qualia)
Tajurbe ka mauzooi «kaisa mehsoos hota hai» pehloo, jaise takleef kaise mehsoos hoti hai ya surkh rang kaisa dikhaai deta hai. Hissi Kaifiyaat haqeeqi tajurbaat hain magar unhein bairoon se baraah-e-raast baanta ya naapa nahi ja sakta.
Hukoomat (Government)
Ek tanzeem jo kisi ilaaqe par taaqat ki ijaaradaari ka daawa karti hai, aur mutaassira afraad ki mukammal razaamandi ke baghair tax ya qanoon jaise jabr ka istemaal karti hai. Hukoomat chori aur qaaboo ke zariye mazloom paida kar ke Sunehri Usool ki khilaaf-warzi karti hai, aur khata-pazeeri aur…
Hukoomat-e-Qanoon (Nomocracy)
Qanoon ki hukmaraani jo mantiq aur baahamiyat se akhz hoti hai, na ke hukmaraanon ya girohon ke iraade se. Hukoomat-e-Qanoon mein sirf wohi qawaaid jaiz hain jo haqeeqi zarar ko roken ya us ki marammat karen, aur koi aamil ya jaiz ikhtiyaar qanoon se baalaatar nahi hota.
Huqooq (Rights)
Aamliyat aur ghairfaaal Sunehri Usool ke mantiqi nataaij. Ek aisa aamil jo amal kar sakta ho, aur yeh usool ke doosron ke saath woh na karo jo woh nahi chaahte ke un ke saath kiya jaaye — in do se mehez istidlaal hi se kuch hadein nikal aati hain: woh hudood jo doosre razaamandi ke baghair uboor na…
Husn (Beauty)
Kisi aamil ke idraak aur us ke saamne aane waale saanchon ke darmiyaan ham-aahangi ka tajurba. Yeh us waqt ubharta hai jab koi cheez aise andaaz mein jurh jaaye jise mushaahida karne waala khush-kun, baamaani, ya mutawaazin paaye. Husn khud shai ki khusoosiyat nahi balke mushaahida karne waale ke…
I
Idraak (Perception)
Daakhilon ko baamaani maaloomaat ke taur par wusool karne aur taabeer karne ka amal-kaari.
Ijaaradaari (Monopoly)
Kisi tijaarat ya waseele par khusoosi qaaboo, jo aksar behtar qadar se kamaane ke bajaaye jaiz ikhtiyaar ki taraf se musallat kiya jaata hai. Haqeeqi ijaaradaariyaan azaad tijaarat ki khilaaf-warzi karti hain aur masnooi qillat paida karti hain, saarfeen ko un ki razaamandi ke baghair zarar…
Ijaazat (Permission)
Kisi aise amal se pehle di jaane waali waazeh razaamandi jo kisi doosre ko mutaassir kare. Ijaazat sirf usi amal par muheet hai jis ke liye aamil ne yeh di, aur sirf usi waqt tak qaaim rehti hai jab tak aamil ise deta rahe. Koi lafz ya tarz-e-amal ki tabdeeli jo ise waapas le le, use foran khatam…
Ijaazat-naama (License)
Ek muaahida jis mein maalik apni milkiyat mein maujood kisi cheez ka istemaal bayaan-karda sharton par doosre ko muntaqil karta hai. Ijaazat paane waala woh cheez, ya us ki naqal, sharton samet paata hai; un se tajaawuz karna woh sab kuch jaari kar deta hai jo ijaazat-naame ne us soorat ke liye tay…
Ijtimaai (Collective)
Afraad ka ek giroh. Kisi ijtimaai ko apne arkaan ke huqooq se zyaada koi huqooq haasil nahi hote.
Ijtimaai Saza (Collective Punishment)
Kisi giroh ko us ke ek ya chand arkaan ke aamaal ke liye saza dena, infiraadi gunaah se qata nazar. Ijtimaai saza hamesha be-gunaah mazloom paida karti hai aur isi liye naa-insaafi hai.
Ijtimaai Zimma-daari (Collective Responsibility)
Logon ko aise zarar ka zimma-daar thehraana jo unhon ne paida nahi kiya, sirf kisi giroh mein un ki rukniyat ki bunyaad par. Ijtimaai zimma-daari mantiq ko torti hai, kyunke zimma-daari illiyat aur infiraadi amal ka peecha karti hai, shanaakht ya waabastagi ka nahi.
Ikhtiraa (Innovation)
Naye khayaal, auzaar ya amal-kaari ki takhleeq jo aazmaaish, ghalti aur seekhna ke zariye hoti hai. Ikhtiraa azaadi aur azaad tijaarat mein phalti phoolti hai, jahaan targheebaat khatre ka sila deti hain aur ghair-markooz ilm taraqqi ki chingaari banta hai. Jabri nizaam ise naakaami ki saza de kar…
Illiyat (Causation)
Kisi amal aur us ke nateeje ke darmiyaan baraah-e-raast rishta. Illiyat ke baghair, ilzaam ghair-mantiqi hai.
Ilm (Knowledge)
Aise aazmooda namoonon se qaaim qaabil-e-aitmaad fehm jo mustaqil taur par haqeeqat se mutaabqat rakhte hon. Ilm paishgoi, ghalti aur Seekhna ke zariye barhta hai, na ke ailaan ya taaqat se.
Ilm-e-Aakhirat (Eschatology)
Aakhri cheezon ka mutaala: tehzeeb kis taraf ja rahi hai, anjaam kya shumaar hota hai, aur aaya anjaam tai shuda hai ya chuna hua. Puraana ilm-e-aakhirat anjaam ko aisi cheez samajhta hai jo oopar se saunpi jaati hai — faisla, inhidaam, ya nijaat jo duniya ke baahar se, aise waqt par aati hai jise…
Imaan (Faith)
Be-yaqeeni ke aalam mein qaaim bharosa ya waabastagi, jahaan saboot is sawaal ko tay nahi karta, ya kar hi nahi sakta. Imaan umeed, maani aur azm ko sahaara de sakta hai; jin sawaalon tak saboot pahunch nahi sakta, un par ise na sach saabit kiya ja sakta hai na jhoot. Yeh sirf us waqt khatarnaak…
Inteqaam (Revenge)
Kisi ko zarar pahunchaana taake gussa, ranjish, ya badle ki khwaahish poori ho, na ke kisi mazloom ke liye tawaazun bahaal karne ke liye. Inteqaam jazbe se chalta hai, adl se nahi, aur tab bhi maujood ho sakta hai jab koi taawaan ya mutanaasib qisaas shaamil na ho.
Intikhaab (Choice)
Ek aisa faisla jo aazaadaana taur par, zor, dhamkiyon, ya jhoot ke baghair kiya jaaye. Intikhaab ke baghair, zimma-daari maadoom ho jaati hai.
Iqtidaar (Power)
Cheezon ko waaqe karaane ki salaahiyat. Razaamandi ke baghair iqtidaar khatarnaak hai; razaamandi ke saath iqtidaar taawun ban jaata hai.
Iraada (Will)
Woh andarooni mahrik jo niyaton aur aamaal ki simt tay karta hai.
Ishaara (Signal)
Daakhilon ya baraamadon ka ek saancha jo maaloomaat apne saath le jaata hai.
Ishtiraakiyat (Socialism)
Ek nizaam jo insaaf ka waada karta hai magar razaamandi ke baghair chheenne aur dobaara taqseem karne ke liye taaqat istemaal karta hai. Yeh qillat, targheebaat aur ghair-markooz ilm ko nazar-andaaz karta hai, aur hamesha qaaboo, jhoot aur inhidaam ki taraf le jaata hai. Akhlaaqi taur par ghalat…
Istibdaad (Tyranny)
Iqtidaar ka aisa istemaal jo razaamandi ke baghair ho, jahaan jaiz ikhtiyaar aamaal ko zabardasti karaata hai, jaaidaad chheenta hai, ya baghair kisi mazloom ke saza deta hai. Istibdaad laamehdood taghayyur, targheebaat aur khata-pazeeri ko nazar-andaaz karta hai, aur hamesha zarar mein dhal jaata…
Istidlaal (Reason)
Saboot ko baru-e-kaar la kar mantiq ke ghair-mutaghayyir dhaanchon ko kholne ka amal jo sachaai ki taraf le jaate hain.
Ittefaaq (Agreement)
Zehnon ka ek waazeh, razaakaaraana milaap jahaan tamaam fareeq kisi tajweez karda mel jol ke liye sharaait ko samajhte aur qubool karte hain jo haddon ko mutaassir karta hai. Ittefaaq ya ijaazat ke baghair, woh amal jo kisi doosre ki hadd uboor kare, bataur-e pehle se tai shuda khilaaf-warzi aur…
Izhaar (Expression)
Aise baraamad paida karne ka amal, bashmool aamaal ke, jo khayaal ya maaloomaat muntaqil karte hain.
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Jaaidaad (Property)
Woh qaleel cheezein jo aap ki milkiyat hain; aap ke badan se shuru ho kar har us cheez tak phailti hain jise aap ne sab se pehle istemaal mein liya jab us ka koi maalik na tha, ya jo aap ko razaakaaraana muntaqili se mili. Sirf qillat hi kisi cheez ko jaaidaad banaati hai: do aamil ek hi cheez ko…
Jabr (Coercion)
Bairooni dabaao jo kisi aamil ke iraadon ya faislon ko paamaal kar ke un ki jagah le leta hai, jaise un ki milkiyat ko chheenna ya unhein ittefaaq ke baghair amal karne par majboor karna. Barqaraar hadd ke khilaaf jabr Sunehri Usool ko torta aur mazloom paida karta hai; yeh ghalat hai siwaaye is ke…
Jabri Nifaaz (Enforcement)
Qawaaid ki tameel karaane ke liye taaqat ya taaqat ki dhamki ka istemaal. Jabri Nifaaz sirf haqeeqi zarar ko rokne ya us ki marammat ke liye jaiz hai.
Jabri Zaabta (Regulation)
Jaiz Ikhtiyaar ki jaanib se taaqat ya dhamkiyon ke zariye musallat kiye gaye qawaaid, jo aksar «Tahaffuz» ka daawa karte hain magar Ghair-markooz Ilm aur Khata-pazeeri ko nazarandaaz karte hain. Jabri zawaabit Azaad Tijaarat ko bigaarte hain, masnooi qillat paida karte hain, aur Razaamandi ke…
Jaiz (Legitimate)
Akhlaaqi taur par durust kyunke yeh Mantiq, razaamandi aur adam-e-zarar ki pairavi karta hai. Mehez iqtidaar kabhi kisi shai ko jaiz nahi banaata.
Jaiz Ikhtiyaar (Authority)
Ek aamil ya giroh jo doosron ko yeh bataane, ke unhe kya karna hai, ya jo un ki milkiyat hai use lene ka haq hone ka daawa kare. Jaiz Ikhtiyaar mehez zor-aazmaai kiya gaya iqtidaar hai aur us ki koi akhlaaqi quwwat nahi jab tak yeh sab ki razaakaaraana ittefaaq se na aaye.
Jamhooriyat (Democracy)
Ek ijtimaai faisla karne ka tareeqa kaar jahaan qawaaid vote ke zariye chune jaate hain. Vote razaamandi paida nahi kar sakta; woh aamaal jo hudood ki khilaaf-warzi karte hain ab bhi mazloom paida karte hain chaahe aksariyat un ki himaayat kare.
Jang (War)
Girohon ke darmiyaan munazzam, musalsal Tashaddud jahaan infiraadi Razaamandi aur Mazloom ki shanaakht ko jaan boojh kar dhundhla ya inkaar kiya jaata hai. Jang us waqt ubharti hai jab Jaiz Ikhtiyaar ijtimaai maqaasid ki khaatir afraad ko Zarar pahunchaane ya Zarar uthaane par majboor karne ka haq…
Jhoot (Lie / Lying)
Koi aisi baat kehna jise aap jaante hain ke ghalat hai, taake kisi ko dhoka diya jaaye. Jhoot razaakaaraana tijaarat aur bharosa ko zarar pahunchaata hai, kyunke yeh logon ko yeh jaanne se rokta hai ke woh dar-asl kis baat par ittefaaq kar rahe hain.
Jihaalat (Ignorance)
Ilm ki ghair maujoodgi. Jihaalat maamool ki baat hai aur seekhna ke zariye qaabil-e-islaah hai; jihaalat ko ilm bana kar paish karna zarar paida karta hai.
Jurm (Crime)
Ek aisa amal jo kisi ki marzi ke khilaaf barqaraar hadd — aisi hadd jis par tahaffuz ka zawaal laagu na ho — paar kar ke use zarar pahunchaata aur ek mazloom paida karta hai. Koi mazloom nahi to koi jurm nahi — Sunehri Usool se saada mantiq. Sirf adl — mazloom ka wusooli ya rihaai ka khud-mukhtaar…
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Kaainaat (Universe)
Har us cheez ka majmooa jo maujood hai, jo apni bunyaad ke taur par Laamehdood Taghayyur par qaaim hai. Koi muqarrara haakim ya mansooba nahi — bas ek na khatam hone waala bahaao, jis se Mantiq aur qudrati qawaaneen khud ubharte hain aur munsifaana Samaaj ki rehnumaai karte hain.
Kamtar Sharr (Lesser Evil)
Aisa amal jo phir bhi naaraaz mazloomon ko zarar pahunchaata hai, magar unhi hudood ke tahat dastiyaab mutabaadilaat ke muqaable mein kam majmooi zarar pahunchaata hai. Kamtar Sharr na bhalaai hai, na jaiz, na akhlaaqi — yeh mehez woh raasta hai jo nuqsaan ko kam se kam karta hai jab tamaam…
Khata-pazeeri (Fallibility)
Yeh haqeeqat ke tamaam aamil ghaltiyaan karte hain aur zehaanat ya bhalaai mein kaamil nahi hote. Jo nizaam aamilon ko be-aib farz kar lete hain unhein chalne ke liye taaqat darkaar hoti hai, jo azaadi ko torti hai aur zarar ki taraf le jaati hai.
Khatra (Risk)
Woh imkaan ke koi amal zarar ya ziyaan ki taraf le ja sakta hai.
Khauf (Fear)
Takleef ya nuqsaan ki tawaqqo par ek jazbaati radd-e-amal. Khauf zarar se bachne ki rehnumaai karta hai magar jab ise dhamkiyon ya taaqat ke zariye jaan boojh kar paida kiya jaaye to yeh jabr ka auzaar ban jaata hai.
Khayaal (Idea)
Ek tashkeel shuda fikr ke koi cheez kaisi hai, kaisi ho sakti hai, ya kaisi honi chaahiye. Khayaalaat ko mantiq aur tajurbe ke zariye baanta, aazmaaya, behtar banaaya, ya radd kiya ja sakta hai.
Khidmat (Service)
Kisi maaddi shai ke bajaaye amal ke zariye pahunchaai gayi qadar. Khidmat ka tabaadla bhi kisi bhi shai ki tarah hota hai: razaakaaraana, imaandaari se, aur baghair zarar ke.
Khilaaf-warzi (Violation)
Ek aisi Hadd ko paar karna jahaan Razaamandi darkaar thi. Tamaam khilaaf-warziyaan Mazloom paida karti hain. Tahaffuz ke zawaal ke andar razaamandi darkaar nahi hoti, is liye koi khilaaf-warzi nahi hoti.
Khilaaf-warzi-e-Muaahida (Contract Breach)
Koi alag ghalat-kaari nahi. Yeh naam un nizaamon se aata hai jo muaahide ko paaband karne waala waada samajhte hain, aur istihqaaq ki muntaqili ke tehat is ke naam dene ko kuch baaqi nahi bachta. Jahaan kisi muaahide ne istihqaaq muntaqil kar diya ho aur haamil cheez ko roke rakhe, woh chori hai,…
Khud-aagahi (Self-Awareness)
Woh muqaam jahaan shaoor apne saanche ko ard gird ke bahaao se alag pehchaan leta hai. Jahaan shaoor baazgashti khud namoona-saazi ka amal hai, wahaan khud-aagahi us ka nateeja hai: aamil jaanta hai ke woh maujood hai, jaanta hai ke woh amal karta hai, aur apni hadon ko baaqi Laamehdood Taghayyur…
Khud-difaa (Self-Defense)
Kisi Fail ka zor istemaal karna jaari ya fori qabil-e-e'tibar Hadd ki khilaaf-warzi rokne ke liye — jism, Jaaidaad, ya tay shuda sharaait par — jahan Razaamandi darkaar thi aur mustarad hai. Khud-difaa Saza, Inteqaam, ya khauf nahin: moral debt band nahin karti aur mumkinah mustaqbil ke Amaal ki…
Khud-milkiyat (Self-Ownership)
Apne badan, zehn aur aamaal ko kisi mudaakhalat ke baghair qaaboo mein rakhne ka bunyaadi haq. Isi se tamaam jaaidaad aur azaadi phootti hai; is ka inkaar ghulaami ya jabr ko jaiz thehraata hai, Sunehri Usool ki khilaaf-warzi karta hai aur mazloom paida karta hai.
Khud-mukhtaari (Autonomy)
Bairooni qaaboo ke baghair iraade qaaim karne aur faisle karne ki salaahiyat.
Khushhaali (Happiness)
Woh haalat jis mein koi masla nahi rehta aur har cheez tawaqqaat ke mutaabiq ronuma hoti hai — yaani aamil ke namoone haqeeqat se mel khaate hain, is liye use naakhwaasta hairtein kam paish aati hain. Apne kaam se mohabbat aur saadgi is ki kunjiyaan hain; science aur technology dil-nasheen,…
Kunjkaawi (Curiosity)
Namoona aur haqeeqat ke darmiyaan farq ko khud isi ki khaatir mitaane ki tehreek — us ki taraf barhna jo abhi samajh mein nahi aaya, aur woh hairat talaash karna jo namoona ko behtar banaaye. Kunjkaawi ghalti ko khatre se khuraak mein badal deti hai: kunjkaaw aamil apne ilm ke kinaare ki taraf…
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Laamehdood Taghayyur (Infinite Change)
Kaainaat ka laazamaani, laamutanaahi bahaao jahaan har shai baghair ruke badalti rehti hai. Laamehdood Taghayyur bunyaadi wujoodi asaas hai — koi shai waisi ki waisi nahi rehti, aur isi bahaao se mantiq, fitri qawaaneen aur tamaam saanche baghair kisi khaaliq ya haakim ke khud ubharte hain. Yeh…
Laazamaani Laamehdoodiyat (Timeless Infinity)
Kaainaat ke taghayyur ki laamutanaahi, be-kinaar fitrat, jis ka na aaghaaz hai na anjaam. Isi se har haqeeqi shai ubharti hai, bashmool mantiq aur munsifaana qawaaid, aur yahi dikhaata hai ke oopar se neeche ke qaaboo deerpa kyun nahi ho sakte.
Log (People)
Aamilon ka ek jama hawaala, jo bahut se fard ka zikr karte waqt istemaal hota hai, baghair kisi ijtimaai shanaakht, ijtimaai huqooq, ya ijtimaai zimma-daari ka ishaara diye. Log ek mukhtasar istilaah hai; tamaam huqooq, intikhaab, aur zimma-daariyaan har fard ke paas infiraadi taur par rehti hain.
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Maeeshat (Economy)
Logon ke darmiyaan razaakaaraana tijaarat aur paidaawaar ka jaal jo qillat se nipatta hai. Maeeshat azaad tijaarat aur targheebaat par phalti phoolti hai, aur us waqt naakaam hoti hai jab taaqat (jaise jabri zaabte ya tax) razaamandi, targheebaat aur ghair-markooz ilm ko tor kar use bigaar deti…
Mantiq (Logic)
Sochne ka hatmi, naaqaabil-e-taghayyur tareeqa jo sach ko jhoot se alag pehchaanta hai. Yeh woh ghair-mutaghayyir saakht hai jise zehn us waqt daryaaft karte hain jab woh tazaad ke baghair istidlaal karne ki koshish karte hain. Mantiq zehn mein ubharti hai magar zehn se janam nahi leti.
Mazloom (Victim)
Woh jise us ki marzi ke khilaaf aisi hadd paar kar ke zarar pahunchaaya gaya ho jis ka tahaffuz barqaraar hai. Tahaffuz ke zawaal ke andar hone waala zarar — mutanaasib saza, khud-difaa, yaaghi ka khaatma — haqeeqatan aamil ko nuqsaan pahunchaata hai lekin Qanoon ke mafhoom mein mazloom paida nahi…
Meharbani (Kindness)
Kisi doosre ke haqeeqi Zarar ko kam karne ya us ki taraf rehnumai karne ka Razaakaariyat Amal — us ki Haddon ko tajawuz kiye baghair ya kisi aahil Fail ki Razaamandi ko mansookh kiye baghair. Meharbani paish ki jati hai, wajib nahin; mutaalba, nifaz, ya qabza nahin ki ja sakti. Jo kisi par…
Milkiyat (Ownership)
Ek aamil aur kisi qaleel cheez ke darmiyaan woh taalluq jis mein aamil us par khusoosi qaaboo ka haq rakhta hai. Yeh khud-milkiyat ke tehat badan se shuru hoti hai aur doosri cheezon tak sirf do tareeqon se pahunchti hai: us cheez ka pehla istemaal jis ka koi maalik na tha, ya pichhle maalik se…
Mohabbat (Love)
Doosre aamil ki taraf nigehdaasht, tawajjuh aur waabastagi ka ek razaakaaraana saancha, jo fareeza ke bajaaye azaadi par qaaim hai. Yeh muntakhab karda taalluq, diyaanat-daar raabta aur hadd ke baahami ehtiraam ke zariye barhti hai. Mohabbat milkiyat ya qaaboo nahi deti; yeh doosre ki…
Muaahida (Contract)
Ek razaakaaraana ittefaaq jo kisi qaleel cheez ki milkiyat ek aamil se doosre ko muntaqil karta hai, abhi ya kisi bayaan-karda shart par. Muaahida jaaidaad ko muntaqil karta hai; woh iraade ko paaband nahi karta. Mehez waada bazaat-e-khud koi fareeza paida nahi karta, chaahe doosre ne us par kitna…
Munaafa (Profit)
Kisi razaakaaraana tijaarat ya ikhtiraa se haasil hone waali musbat qadar, akhraajaat aur qillat ko mad-e-nazar rakhne ke baad. Munaafa ek targheeb ke taur par kaam karta hai, jo taaqat ke baghair doosron ki khwaahishaat ko poora karne mein kaamyaabi ka ishaara deta hai; ise nazarandaaz karna…
Munsif (Judge)
Aisa aamil jo sabit shuda haqaiq daryaft karta aur bayan karta hai ke Qanoon un par kaise lagu hota hai. Munsif Qanoon, qusoor, Insaf, zimmedari ya haisiyat paida nahin karta; yeh haqaiq aur Qanoon se nikalte hain. Munsif ke bayan ka ikhtiyar sirf Qanoon ke durust itlaq se aata hai. Saboot ya…
Muqaabla (Competition)
Afraad ya girohon ka woh fitri amal jis mein woh tijaarat mein behtar qadar paish karne ke liye jadd-o-jehad karte hain. Muqaabla taaqat ke baghair behtari aur kaarkardagi ko aage barhaata hai, aur ghaltiyon ko musallat karda sazaaon ke bajaaye khoye hue mawaaqe ke zariye saza deta hai. Yeh…
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Namoona (Model)
Kisi cheez ke kaam karne ke tareeqe ka ek saada kiya gaya khayaal, jo use samajhne, bayaan karne ya us ki paishgoi karne ke liye istemaal hota hai. Namoona haqeeqat nahi hai; ise is baat se parkha jaata hai ke is ki paishgoiyaan asl mein jo hota hai us se kitni mutaabqat rakhti hain.
Nateeja (Consequence)
Jo kisi amal se nikalta hai. Aadilaana nataaij us zarar se bandhe hote hain jo haqeeqatan paida hua, niyat, haisiyat ya iqtidaar se nahi.
Niji Hareem (Privacy)
Is par qaaboo ke doosre aap ke baare mein kya jaante hain. Niji Hareem ek hadd hai. Razaamandi ke baghair use uboor karna zarar hai. Awaami muqaamaat mein ya doosron se taalluq rakhne waale niji muqaamaat mein niji hareem ki koi tawaqqo nahi.
Niyat (Intention)
Amal ke liye ek tai shuda simt. Niyat yeh samajhne ke liye ahmiyat rakhti hai ke aamil ne kyun amal kiya, magar pehle se pahunchaaye gaye zarar ko nahi mitaati.
Nizaam (System)
Qawaaid aur aamaal ka ek majmooa jo mil kar kaam karte hain. Kisi nizaam ko is bunyaad par parkha jaata hai ke aaya woh razaakaaraana taawun paida karta hai ya jabri zarar.
Nuqsaan (Damage)
Kisi ke jism, jaaidaad ya azaadi mein ek manfi tabdeeli jis par us ne ittefaaq nahi kiya. Nuqsaan us cheez ki maaddi miqdaar hai jo kho gayi — woh hissa jise taawaan marammat karta hai. Kisi aamil ko naa-khwaasta nuqsaan zarar hai, aur zarar hi woh hai jo mazloom paida karta hai.
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Paidaawaar (Production)
Mehnat aur wasaail se koi qadar ki haamil cheez banaana. Tamaam daulat ka sarchashma. Paidaawaar ke baghair tijaarat ke liye kuch nahi hota.
Paishgoi (Prediction)
Kisi namoone ya aqeede ki bunyaad par is baare mein ek daawa ke kya ho ga. Paishgoiyaan woh tareeqa hain jis se namoone haqeeqat ka saamna karte hain; ghalat paishgoiyaan ghaltiyon ko be-naqaab karti hain.
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Qaaboo (Control)
Kisi cheez ko hidaayat dene ki salaahiyat. Apne oopar qaaboo fitri hai; doosron par qaaboo ko un ki razaamandi darkaar hoti hai warna woh jabr ban jaata hai.
Qadar (Value)
Woh jise koi Aamil aham samajhta hai. Qadar ko baahar se naapa nahi ja sakta aur na hi doosron ki taraf se musallat kiya ja sakta hai.
Qanoon (Law)
Mantiq hi hatmi qanoon hai. Doosron ke saath woh na karo jo woh nahi chaahte ke un ke saath kiya jaaye, warna tumhaare iraade se qata nazar tumhein saza di jaaye gi. Saza ka maqsad gunaah ko mitaana hai, Qisaas aur taawaan ke zariye. Yehi poora qanoon hai; ise badla nahi ja sakta, baaqi sab…
Qarz (Debt)
Milkiyat ki ek mashroot muntaqili jo kisi bayaan-karda taareekh par waajib-ul-adaa hoti hai. Qarz-daar ne is par razaamandi di, is liye imaandaaraana qarz razaakaaraana hota hai. Istihqaaq usi waqt muntaqil ho jaata hai jab jaaidaad qarz-daar ke haath mein pahunchti hai: taareekh aane par qarz-daar…
Qatl (Murder)
Kisi aise aamil ko jaan boojh kar maar dena jis ne marne ki razaamandi na di ho aur jis ki hudood barqaraar theen. Tahaffuz ke zawaal ke andar maarna — mazloom ki tafweez ke tehat mutanaasib wusooli, jaari ya fauri taur par qaabil-e-aitemaad hamle ke khilaaf khud-difaa, yaaghi ka khaatma — qatl…
Qeemat (Price)
Woh qadar ki miqdaar jo ek aamil kisi tabaadle mein doosre ko deta hai.
Qillat (Scarcity)
Yeh sachaai ke wasaail mehdood hain jabke khwaahishaat laamehdood. Ise nazar-andaaz karna ishtiraakiyat jaise nizaamon mein jhoot ki taraf le jaata hai, jis se qillatein aur jabr paida hote hain. Mantiq ka taqaaza hai ke hum is se behtareen taur par nipatne ke liye aazaadaana tijaarat karein.
Qisaas (Retribution)
Adl ki ek soorat jis mein mazloom, ya mazloom ki jaanib se amal karne waala numaainda, akhlaaqi qarz ko khatam karta hai, us zarar ko mutanaasib taur par mujrim ki taraf waapas aks-band kar ke. Mazloom ke baghair qisaas naa-insaafi hai. Tanaasub se aage qisaas inteqaam ban jaata hai.
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Raabta (Communication)
Aamilon ke darmiyaan ishaara ke zariye maaloomaat ki muntaqali.
Raah-e-Khushhaali (Way of Happiness)
Baahamiyat — ghair-faaal Sunehri Usool par qaaim rehna, tab bhi jab ise torne ke liye kaafi Taaqat maujood ho. Yeh "raah" is liye hai ke Khushhaali woh haalat hai jis mein Aamil ke model Haqeeqat se mel khaate hain aur hairtein kam hoti hain, aur sirf Baahamiyat hi aisi duniya banaati hai jo is ke…
Rawaiyya (Behavior)
Waqt ke saath saath amal ka ek saancha.
Razaakaariyat (Voluntaryism)
Yeh usool ke tamaam taamulaat Razaamandi par mabni hone chaahiyein, baghair kisi Jabr ya Taaqat ke. Yeh Qanoon-e-baala se mutaabqat rakhta hai: Azaad Tijaarat, koi Mazloom nahi to koi Jurm nahi, aur Baahamiyat. Razaakaariyat Jaiz Ikhtiyaar ko radd karti hai, aur tarteeb ko Ghair-markooz Ilm aur…
Razaamandi (Consent)
Dabaao, fareb ya her-pher ke baghair kisi baat par aazaadaana raza-mand hona. Sachi tijaarat aur sache sauda sab fareeqon ki razaamandi ka taqaaza karte hain; is ke baghair afaal chori ya zarar ban jaate hain, jin ki talaafi taawaan se honi chaahiye. Razaamandi azaadi ki mutaqaazi hai, is liye jabr…
Rupya Paisa (Money)
Ek tehreer-e-qarz jis ki aamil tijaarat kar sakein: kisi qaleel shai ki bayaan-karda miqdaar par ek qaabil-e-muntaqili mashroot istihqaaq, jo jaari karne waala baad mein pahunchaayega. Jo bhi tehreer rakhta hai wohi istihqaaq rakhta hai, aur har tijaarat use aage sarkaati hai. Rupya paisa mehez…
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Saakh (Reputation)
Woh tawaqqaat ka saancha jo doosre kisi aamil ke baare mein us ke maazi ke razaakaaraana aamaal ki bunyaad par banaate hain. Yeh aamil ki milkiyat ya qaaboo mein nahi; yeh ek aqeeda hai jo doosre rakhte hain. Achhi saakh mustaqil diyaanat, qaabil-e-aitmaad hone aur pahunchaai gayi qadar se barhti…
Saancha (Pattern)
Laamehdood Taghayyur ke andar ek baar baar zaahir hone waali, qaabil-e-shanaakht haiyat. Saanche khaam bahaao aur us har cheez ke darmiyaan pul hain jise aamil dekh, naam de, ya istemaal kar sakte hain. Tabee'i qawaaneen, mustaqil aqdaar, saakhtein, aur khud aamil bhi aise saanche hain jo is liye…
Sabab (Cause)
Ek aisi soorat-e-haal jo koi asar paida kare.
Saboot (Evidence)
Woh maaloomaat jo kisi daawe ke sach hone ke imkaan ko barhaati ya ghataati hai.
Sachaai (Truth)
Woh jo haqeeqat se mutaabqat rakhta hai, qata nazar is ke ke koi kya maanta hai, kya chaahta hai, ya kis ke haq mein vote deta hai. Sachaai jazbaat ya iqtidaar ke tahaffuz ke liye nahi badalti; namoonon aur aqeedon ko hi is se mutaabqat ke liye badalna parta hai.
Samaaj (Society)
Afraad ka ek jaal jo tijaarat, raabta aur muaahidon ke zariye razaakaaraana taur par baaham amal pera hote hain. Samaaj Laamehdood Taghayyur se neeche se oopar ki taraf ubharta hai, baghair taaqat ya markazi mansooron ki zaroorat ke. Jabri «samaaj» (jaise ishtiraakiyat ke tahat) qillat, targheebaat…
Samaaji Saakht (Social Construct)
Ek mushtarka khayaal jo is liye maujood hai ke koi giroh use haqeeqi samajhta hai. Is ki quwwat logon ki shirkat se aati hai. Baaz razaakaaraana hain — zabaan, khel, Rupya Paisa, aadaab — jahaan in se nikal jaane ki qeemat sirf doosron ke taawun se mehroomi hai, aur bas. Baaz jabri hain —…
Sarmaayadaari (Capitalism)
Ek nizaam jahaan log zor ya mudaakhalat ke baghair azaadaana taur par jaaidaad, khayaalaat, aur mehnat ki tijaarat karte hain. Yeh laamehdood taghayyur aur targheebaat se qudrati taur par ubharta hai, ikhtiraa ko inaam deta hai aur razaakaaraana tabaadlon ke zariye qillat se nipatta hai.…
Sauda (Deal)
Qadar ke tabaadla ka ek razaakaaraana ittefaaq. Sauda sirf usi waqt jaiz hota hai jab tamaam fareeq razaamandi den aur sachaai ko barqaraar rakha jaaye.
Saza (Punishment)
Adl ka naafiz karne waala baazoo: qisaas ya taawaan ka itlaaq jaisa ke mazloom ya us ka numaainda hidaayat de. Sirf haqeeqi mazloomon ke saath haqeeqi zarar ke liye; is ka maqsad ek akhlaaqi qarz ko khatam karna hai, qaaboo paana nahi. Saza Sunehri Usool ka itlaaq hai — jo kiya gaya use waapas…
Saza-dehinda (Punisher)
Ek aamil jo kisi mazloom ke adl ke liye bataur numaainda kaam karta hai, taaqat ke zariye kisi mujrim ko us zarar ke nataaij ka saamna karaane ke liye jo us ne pahunchaaya. Saza-dehinda ki jawaaz us mazloom ke ikhtiyaar se akhz hoti hai aur wahi khatam hoti hai jahaan woh ikhtiyaar khatam hota hai.…
Seekhna (Learning)
Nai maaloomaat ya naakaam paishgoiyon ki bunyaad par afkaar, khayaalaat ya namoonon ko taaza karna. Seekhna waqt ke saath ghalti ko baghair taaqat ke kam karta hai.
Shaoor (Consciousness)
Taghayyur ke kisi saanche ke andar baazgashti khud namoona-saazi. Shaoor us waqt ubharta hai jab kisi aamil ka saancha itna pecheeda ho jaata hai ke woh khud ko aur gird-o-nawaah ke bahaao se apne taalluq ko paish kar sake. Yeh koi maadda ya atiya nahi balke ek amal hai: woh saancha jo haqeeqi waqt…
Sharaait (Terms)
Kisi ittefaaq, sauda ya tijaarat ki makhsoos sharaait ya tafseelaat. Sharaait waazeh, imaandaaraana aur razaakaaraana taur par manzoor shuda honi chaahiyein; posheeda ya zabardasti musallat karda sharaait poori cheez ko baatil kar deti hain, aur use dhoke ya jabr mein badal deti hain jo taawaan ka…
Sharr (Evil)
Koi amal sharr hai agar woh taaqat, dhamki, dhoka ya fraud ke zariye razaamandi ko zer kar ke naakhwaahaan mazloomon ko zarar pahunchaaye. Sharr hudood ki khilaaf-warzi karne, akhraajaat doosron par daalne, ya iqtidaar istemaal kar ke khud ko ya kisi giroh ko be-gunaah aamilon ki qeemat par faida…
Sifri Majmooa (Zero-Sum)
Ek jhoota Aqeeda ke ek Aamil ka Faida laazman doosre ka nuqsaan hona chaahiye, is baat ko nazarandaaz karte hue ke razaakaaraana Tijaarat dono fareeqon ke liye Qadar kaise paida karti hai. Sifri Majmooa soch Jabr ko hawa deti hai (agar main tab tak nahi jeet sakta jab tak tum haar na jaao, to…
Siyaasatdaan (Politician)
Woh jo taaqat ya taaqat ki dhamki ke zariye awaami iqtidaar (jaise qanoon-saazi ya jabri nifaaz) ka taalib ho ya use thaame hue ho. Jabr par mabni aamaal in taareefon ke tahat akhlaaqi nahi.
Software (Software)
Hidaayaat ka ek majmooa, jo ek saanche ki soorat mein murattab hota hai, aur kisi machine ke kaamon ki rehnumaai karta hai. Software mehnat aur aql se takhleeq hota hai aur is ki qadar us mein hai jo yeh mumkin banaata hai. Tamaam saanchon ki tarah, ise asl ko ghataaye baghair naqal kiya ja sakta…
Sunehri Usool (Golden Rule Passive Version)
Doosron ke saath woh na karo jo woh nahi chaahte ke un ke saath kiya jaaye. Yahi insaaf ka dil hai — ise torna tawaazun bahaal karne ke liye saza ko daawat deta hai, qaaboo paane ke liye nahi.
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Taaqat (Force)
Jismaani zabardasti ya jismaani zabardasti ki qaabil-e-yaqeen dhamki jo razaamandi ko paamaal kar de.
Taaseer (Influence)
Aisi shart jo kisi asar ke waaqe hone ke imkaan ko barhaati ya ghataati hai.
Taawaan (Restitution)
Jo kuch mujrim ne liya, ya us ki qadar, us aamil ko waapas karna jis ki woh hai. Taawaan maaddi nuqsaan ki marammat karta hai — us cheez ka woh qaabil-e-paimaaish hissa jise kisi ghalat-kaari ne tabaah kiya. Yeh bazaat-e-khud gunaah ko nahi mitaata: akhlaaqi qarz illiyat se wujood mein aata hai,…
Tabaadla (Exchange)
Logon ke darmiyaan baahami len den. Tabaadla usi lamhe haqeeqi nahi rehta jab taaqat ya dhoka daakhil ho jaaye.
Tafweez (Mandate)
Kisi maamle mein muqarrar Haddon ke andar Amal karne ka Haq — Qanoon-e-baala ke tehet Khud-mukhtaari ka mantiqee natija, hukmraanon, voton, ya hamla aawaron ka diya hua imtiyaaz nahin. Har Fail apne jism, Jaaidaad, Muaahidon, aur moral debt par haakim hai; is Khud-mukhtaari se Tafweez do tarah se…
Tahaffuz (Safety)
Woh haalat jis mein kisi aamil ki hudood waaqai khilaaf-warzi ke qaabil-e-yaqeen khatre mein na hon. Tahaffuz qaabil-e-yaqeen zarar ki adam maujoodgi hai, na ke khatre, takleef, ikhtilaaf, ya ghair yaqeeni ki adam maujoodgi. Jabr ko jawaaz dene ke liye «Tahaffuz» ka hawaala dena — baghair kisi…
Tahaffuz ka zawaal (Forfeiture)
Kisi Hadd ke tahaffuz ka muattal hona, jo doosre ki Hadd ko paar karne se paida hota hai. Huqooq baahami taur par paband karte hain: kisi haq ka daawa karna apne jaise har agent ko wohi haq dene ka qarzdaar hona hai; is liye jo agent razaamandi ke baghair doosre ki Hadd paar karta hai, woh usi amal…
Taht-ush-shaoor (Subconscious)
Zehni amal jo aagahi mein aaye baghair fikr, ehsaasaat aur aamaal par asar daalte hain. Taht-ush-shaoor saanchon, aadaton aur seekhe hue radd-e-amal ko murtakiz tawajjuh se baahar sambhaalta hai.
Takleef (Pain)
Ek naakhushgawaar jismaani ya zehni tajurba jo nuqsaan ya nuqsaan ki dhamki se paida hota hai. Takleef is baat ka ishaara deti hai ke zarar ya to ho raha hai ya hone waala hai.
Tanaasub (Proportion)
Saza us poore zarar ke baraabar ho sakti hai jo koi fail dar-asl pahunchaata hai — apne nataaij samet — aur is se aage nahi. Paimaana pahunchaaya gaya zarar hai, na ke chheeni gayi shai: ek chor ki inteha hadd us ki saari milkiyat ka ziyaan hai, kyunke jo us ka na tha use le kar woh us ke tahaffuz…
Targheebaat (Incentives)
Woh inaamaat ya sazaaein jo logon ke aamaal ki simt mutayyan karti hain. Achhe nizaam inhein fitri taur par baru-e-kaar laate hain (jaise mehnat ke badle munaafa), jabke bure nizaam (jaise ishtiraakiyat) inhein nazar-andaaz karte hain, jo susti ya qillat ka sabab bante hain.
Tarz-e-Amal (Conduct)
Kisi aamil ke aamaal jab woh us aamil ki Niyat kisi doosre tak pahunchaate hain. Rawaiyya sirf yeh bayaan karta hai ke aamil waqt ke saath saath kya karta hai; tarz-e-amal wohi karna hai, aur woh Niyat bhi jo yeh apne saath le jaata hai. Tarz-e-amal sirf wohi apne saath le jaata hai jo amal karne…
Tashaddud (Violence)
Kisi ki marzi ke khilaaf Zarar pahunchaane ke liye Taaqat ka istemaal ya us ki Dhamki. Tashaddud Mazloom paida karta hai aur sirf us waqt Jaiz hai jab pehle se ho chuke Zarar ko rokne ya us ki talaafi ke liye ho.
Tawajjuh (Attention)
Kisi khaas cheez par aagahi ka irtikaaz jabke baaqi ko nazar-andaaz kiya jaaye. Tawajjuh yeh muntakhib karti hai ke kisi diye gaye lamhe mein zehn kis cheez par sab se zyaada shiddat se kaarrawaai kare.
Tehreer-e-Qarz (IOU)
Kisi qaleel shai ki bayaan-karda miqdaar par milkiyat ki ek mashroot muntaqili, jo baad mein pahunchaai jaaye gi. Jaari karne waala muqarrara taareekh tak qabza rakhta hai, aur istihqaaq un sharaait par muntaqil hota hai jo fareeqain ne tay ki hon. Tehreer-e-qarz bilkul utni hi qeemti hai jitna us…
Tehzeeb (Civilization)
Jama shuda ilm, nikhre hue auzaaron aur paaidaar saanchon ki woh ubharti hui parat jo us waqt wujood mein aati hai jab afraad waqt ke saath saath razaakaaraana tabaadla karte hain. Tehzeeb insaaniyat ki ijtimaai yaaddaasht aur paishgoi ki salaahiyat hai — koi aisi cheez nahi jo logon par hukoomat…
Tehzeebi Raftaar (Civilizational Velocity)
Woh raftaar jis se koi samaaj taawun, ilm aur ham-aahang targheebaat ko zindagi bachaane waale hal mein badalta hai, is se pehle ke maut taraqqi par sabqat le jaaye. Raftaar tay karti hai ke fard ki maut aur ijtimaai taraqqi ki daur mein kaun jeeta hai aur kaun marta hai. Jo nizaam razaakaaraana…
Tijaarat (Trade)
Logon ke darmiyaan qadar ka razaakaaraana tabaadla. Yeh azaad, imaandaaraana aur baghair zarar ke hona chaahiye. Ise zawaal se bachaana (jaise siyaasatdaanon se) azaadi ke liye kaleedi hai; mudaakhalat ko saza milti hai.
Tijaarti Nishaan (Brand)
Ishaaron ka ek qaabil-e-shanaakht saancha — naam, tarz, saakh — jo mustaqil razaakaaraana tabaadle se jama hone waale bharose ko apne saath liye chalta hai. Tijaarti Nishaan ki asl qadar saancha bazaat-e-khud nahi balke woh bharosa hai jis ki yeh numaaindagi karta hai: yeh tawaqqo ke aainda ki…
Tijaarti Shareek (Trade Partner)
Woh koi jis ke saath aap kisi razaakaaraana tabaadla mein maamla karte hain. Tijaarat mein dono shareek faida uthaane ka iraada rakhte hain; agar ek razaamand na ho, to tijaarat sire se hoti hi nahi.
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Ubhaar (Emergence)
Woh amal jis ke zariye mustahkam saakhtein, qawaaneen aur taalluqaat laamehdood taghayyur ke andar paaidaar saanchon ki soorat mein zaahir hote hain. Kuch bhi baahar se musallat nahi kiya jaata; makaan, waqt, hindsa aur tabee'i mustaqilaat bunyaadi nahi balke tabdeeli ke bahaao se khud ko munazzam…
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Waada (Promise)
Kisi aamil ka yeh bayaan ke woh baad mein kisi bayaan-karda tareeqe se amal kare ga. Waada koi Fareeza paida nahi karta, chaahe doosre ne us par kitna hi bharosa kyun na kiya ho: aamil ko sirf Milkiyat ki muntaqili paaband karti hai, aur waada bataur-e waada aisi koi muntaqili nahi. Magar alfaaz,…
Waaqe-shuda Jabr (Duress)
Aisi dhamki, taaqat ya dabaao ke tahat hone ki haalat jo aazaadaana razaamandi dene ki salaahiyat khatam kar deti hai. Waaqe-shuda Jabr ke tahat amal karne waala aamil intikhaab nahi kar raha hota — woh zarar se bachne ke liye taabe ho raha hota hai. Waaqe-shuda Jabr ke tahat kiya gaya koi bhi…
Waqt (Time)
Taghayyur ka mehsoos karda tasalsul, na ke koi zarf jis mein taghayyur waaqe hota hai. Sirf haaliya bahaao hi haqeeqi hai; maazi aur mustaqbil aamilon ke banaaye hue namoone hain jo paishgoi aur yaaddaasht ke liye hain, na ke aise muqaamaat jo aazaadaana taur par maujood hon. Waqt mein safar…
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Yaaghi (Outlaw)
Ek aamil jis ki gunaah band nahi ho sakti kyunke us ne us mazloom ko hi fana kar diya jo is qarz par khud mukhtaar ikhtiyaar rakhta tha — umooman qatl ke zariye. Yaaghi ka Sunehri Usool ke tahaffuz par daawa zabt ho jaata hai: us ne apne amal se saabit kar diya ke woh baahamiyat ko mustard karta…
Yagaana Baalaadast (Singleton)
Woh waahid aamil jo mustaqil aur naaqaabil-e-muqaabla taur par sab se taaqatwar ban chuka ho — na koi hareef, na koi jaanasheen jise woh qaaboo mein na rakhta ho, na koi aisi shai jo kabhi us se barh sake. Yagaana Baalaadast woh waahid soorat hai jahaan Raah-e-Khushhaali par qaaim rehne ki sab se…
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Zar-e-Raaij (Currency)
Woh rupya paisa jo wasee paimaane par qabool kiya jaata hai. Us ki qadar us bharose se aati hai ke jaari karne waala woh cheez pahunchaayega jis ka istihqaaq zikr karta hai, na ke us ke maadde se. Jo jaari karne waala woh cheez rakhta ho jis ka istihqaaq zikr karta hai aur pahunchaane se inkaar…
Zarar (Harm)
Kisi aamil, us ke badan, milkiyat ya azaadi ko pahunchne waala naakhwaasta nuqsaan. Barqaraar hadd paar karne waala zarar mazloom paida karta hai aur azaadi aur jurm ke darmiyaan lakeer mutayyan karta hai; tahaffuz ke zawaal ke andar hone waala zarar koi mazloom paida nahi karta.
Zehaanat (Intelligence)
Kisi aamil ki woh salaahiyat ke woh aise namoone banaaye jin ki paishgoiyaan nit-nai sooraton ke waseeh hote daaire mein haqeeqat se qaabil-e-aitmaad taur par mutaabqat rakhein, aur naakaami par unhein durust kare. Zehaanat naapi jaati hai, ailaan nahi ki jaati — is bunyaad par ke aamil ke namoone…
Zehn (Mind)
Un amalon ka majmooa jo afkaar, khayaal, paishgoi, faisle aur idraak paida karte hain. Zehn woh jagah hai jahaan zehni sargarmi waaqe hoti hai, jis mein shaoori aur ghair-shaoori dono tarah ke amal shaamil hain.
Zehni (Mental)
Jism ke bajaaye zehn se mutalliq. Zehni haalaton mein afkaar, ehsaasaat, aagahi aur takleef ya khauf jaise tajurbaat shaamil hain.
Zehni Virus (Mind Virus)
Ek aisa khayaal ya aqeeda jo idraaki short-cuts (khauf, gunaah, shanaakht, jaiz ikhtiyaar, ya sifri majmooa ki soch) ka istehsaal kar ke phailta hai jabke mantiq, saboot ya zinda tajurbe ke zariye tasheeh ke khilaaf muzaahmat karta hai. Zehni Virus is liye nahi thehrta ke woh sach hai, balke is…
Zimma-daari (Responsibility)
Kisi amal aur us aamil ke darmiyaan taalluq jis ne us ke asraat paida kiye, jo kiye gaye kisi zarar ko theek karne ya us ka badla chukaane ka fareeza uthaaye hue hai. Zimma-daari illiyat ki pairavi karti hai, haisiyat ya iqtidaar ki nahi.
Zimma-daariyaan (Responsibilities)
Woh faraiz jo Failiyat, Khud-milkiyat, aur sababiyat se mantiqee tor par peda hote hain — Huqooq ka aaina. Jahan Huqooq woh Haddon batate hain jinhen doosre baghair Razaamandi na tajawuz karein, Zimma-daariyaan woh batati hain jis ka Fail jawab-deh hai: apne Amaal ke asraat, baghair Razaamandi peda…